Learning in adulthood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning in adulthood - Research Paper Example I was particularly interested in being able to know how learning could be facilitated at my age, considering all the constraints that I face. Thus, in all honesty, I was really looking forward to this course. Below is a summative expression of the things that I have learned in this course. I first provided a brief introduction to the significance of adult learning theories and proceeded to discussing the learning theories that I learned in the course. I then moved on to a discussion of the concept of adult development and the relationship between intelligence and aging. I concluded this paper with the significant realizations that I have gained upon completion of this course. Introduction to Adult Learning Theories Adult learning is one of the areas of modern educational psychology the aim of which is to increase adult’s interest in learning to the maximum level so as to provide the most effective outcomes for the learner. Knowledge acquisition of an adult is quite different f rom that of a young learner. Since adults are concerned with much more things than just acquiring an education, that is, a job and family responsibilities, many challenges tend to be associated with this learning process. Fortunately, there are a number of adult learning theories that can aid in the delivery of adult education and therefore increase the rates of success in this area. The succeeding sections will present a discussion of the special characteristics of adult learning. In particular, it will focus on the challenges faced by adult learning, and the theories that offer insights into the process of adult learning. In addition, certain references will also be provided towards the author’s own experiences in the field of adult learning. The challenges of adult education Adults are preoccupied with more responsibilities than young learners. They have family responsibilities to fulfill and job requirements to accomplish. As such, adult education is mostly done on a part -time basis and is even referred to as part-time learning. Adult education is affected by a number of challenges such as attitudinal barriers, institutional barriers, and situational barriers that make successes in this area quite difficult to come by. Adults tend to face education with negative attitudes that make them lack the confidence to pursue their studies. Oftentimes, this is further aggravated by prior learning experiences which lead them to think that education only reflects a teacher’s needs and not the learner’s importance. When adults take their courses with mostly young people, they tend to feel that they are in the wrong place at a wrong time, and end up feeling isolated and stressed with the experience. Institutional barriers also extend a certain level of challenge for adult learners. Institutional barriers come in the form of difficult schedules and policies set by some schools. For example, some schools insist that learning can only be done when two parties are present. Because adult learners have jobs and family responsibilities to attend to, they tend to be unable to become punctual and present in their classes and are thus given negative marks by their instructors. Even where learning is done online, learners face great difficulties to meet the set targets. Another common challenge to succeeding in adult learning is the presence of situational barriers. These are personal issues that prevent a learner from making up for a class. For instance, one may be financially unstable or unable to afford the expenses of textbooks, tuition, and transport in the midst of requirements for family support. Time management is another factor that makes the process of

Glengarry Glen Ross Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Glengarry Glen Ross - Essay Example Jack Lemmon was awarded the Volpi Cup for the best actor on the basis of his acting in this film, even though this film did not make its mark as a commercially successful film (IMDb, 2013). This film is a depiction of two days in the lives of four salesmen who belongs to the real estate business industry. The corporate office acquires and sends a trainer to increase the level of motivation among the four salesmen. The trainer delivers an immensely harsh speech along with tough targets for all of the four in order to remain employed. The whole story is related to the strife of four salesmen to remain employed in their office. The tagline of this film suggests that it is the story of every individual who works for a living (Rovi, 2013). The gigantic forces of politics and power are intrinsically present in this film. This paper is focused on the analysis of the first scene of the film and its association with the power which each character contains. It also presents the description of the scene along with the selection of Williamson as the most powerful character in the scene among all of the other characters. Synopsis The first scene of this film discloses the whole direction of the film, except for the climax, from where the strife of salesmen begins. The film begins with Shelley Levene (a real estate salesman) in a phone booth, struggling to contact the doctor who is dealing with his daughter. The booth next to him becomes occupied by Dave Moss trying to attempt a property sale in Rio Rancho Estates. This happens in a Chinese restaurant located in Chicago. Both men come out of the phone booths and make their way to the men’s restroom with tensed behavioral features. Both men start to complain about the types of leads which were given to them by their company with each other (Ebert, 1992). They exit the restroom where Ricky Roma tends to make a successful sale of real estate to a client at the bar, followed by the return of both men in their office where they confront an excitable company representative. The representative is an arrogant businessman named Blake, sent by the owners of the company to motivate the salesmen. Surprisingly, Blake starts to talk trash with each salesman regarding their poor performance in the past and announces a contest among all four salesmen (Brantley, 2012). The proposed contest contains the prize for the best selling salesman in the form of a Cadillac and also proposes that the least selling salesman will be fired from this office. This gives a shock to all three present salesmen on which they complain about the poor leads which they have been getting from their company. On this point, Blake announces some premium leads for sales which will only be given to the best performing salesman (IMDb, 2013). As the new representative puts every salesman in a struggling strive, Shelley meets the boss of their office (Mr. Williamson) regarding the premium leads which are being kept by him. Shelley asks Williams on to provide him with premium leads by which Shelley can get back on his previous record of being a successful salesman. Shelley tries to bribe Williamson of 10 percent of his profit from the premium leads, after attempting several techniques to persuade him.

Short Medium And Long Term Sources Of Finance

Short Medium And Long Term Sources Of Finance There are many sources of finance, which would all provide the business with a quick source of money, which will have to be paid back. But the amount the company needs can limit them to a range of sources of finance and methods of repayment e.g. interest. The sources of finance can be split up into three types; long term, medium term and short term. Long term finance is mainly for companies who need a large sum of money, which would be difficult to be paid back, this would be used to provide start-up capital to finance the business for its whole lifespan, finance the purchase of assets with a longer life, such as buildings and provide expansion capital for large projects, such as building a new factory or taking over another business. The repayment as it is so much would be paid over a number of years rather than straight away. Medium term finance is again for high sums of money needed but not as high as long term, these usually would be used to finance the purchase of assets with a two to five year life, such as vehicles and computers, to replace an overdraft which is difficult to clear and is proving expensive and to finance a change in strategy, such as to switch marketing focus from Britain to the whole of Europe etc. But the repayment would be faster than long term, such as in a couple of years etc. Short-term finance is when a company needs money quickly for immediate things, which are temporary; the repayments are much quicker than the others. They would be used to bridge temporary finance gaps, to get through periods when cash flow is poor and to cover temporary needs for extra funds due to unexpected problems or opportunities. There are possible sources of finance, which available to a Limited company. Sources of Short-term Finance There are a number of sources of short-term finance which are listed below: 1. Trade credit 2. Bank credit Loans and advances Cash credit Overdraft Discounting of bills 3. Customers advances 4. Instalment credit 5. Loans from co-operatives 1. Trade Credit Trade credit refers to credit granted to manufactures and traders by the suppliers of raw material, finished goods, components, etc. 2. Bank Credit Commercial banks grant short-term finance to business firms which is known as bank credit. (i) Loans When a certain amount is advanced by a bank repayable after a specified period, it is known as bank loan. . (ii) Cash Credit It is an arrangement whereby banks allow the borrower to withdraw money upto a specified limit. This limit is known as cash credit limit. Initially this limit is granted for one year. This limit can be extended after review for another year. However, if the borrower still desires to continue the limit, it must be enewed after three years. (iii) Overdraft When a bank allows its depositors or account holders to withdraw money in excess of the balance in his account upto a specified limit, it is known as overdraft facility. This limit is granted purely on the basis of credit-worthiness of the borrower . (iv) Discounting of Bill Banks also advance money by discounting bills of exchange, promissory notes and hundies. When these documents are presented before the bank for discounting, banks credit the amount to cutomers account after deducting discount. 3. Customers Advances Sometimes businessmen insist on their customers to make some advance payment. It is generally asked when the value of order is quite large or things ordered are very costly. Customers advance represents a part of the payment towards price on the product (s) which will be delivered at a later date. 4. Instalment credit Instalment credit is now-a-days a popular source of finance for consumer goods like television, refrigerators as well as for industrial goods. 5. Loans from Co-operative Banks Co-operative banks are a good source to procure short-term finance. Such banks have been established at local, district and state levels. District Cooperative Banks are the federation of primary credit societies. 18.5 Merits and Demerits of Short-term Finance Short-term loans help business concerns to meet their temporary requirements of money. They do not create a heavy burden of interest on the organisation. But sometimes organisations keep away from such loans because of uncertainty and other reasons. Let us examine the merits and demerits of short-term finance. Merits of short-term finance a) Economical : Finance for short-term purposes can be arranged at a short notice and does not involve any cost of raising. The amount of interest payable is also affordable. It is, thus, relatively more economical to raise short-term finance. b) Flexibility : Loans to meet short-term financial need can be raised as and when required. These can be paid back if not required. This provides flexibility. c) No interference in management : The lenders of short-term finance cannot interfere with the management of the borrowing concern. The management retain their freedom in decision making. d) May also serve long-term purposes : Generally business firms keep on renewing short-term credit, e.g., cash credit is granted for one year but it can be extended upto 3 years with annual review. After three years it can be renewed. Thus, sources of short-term finance may sometimes provide funds for long-term purposes. Demerits of short-term finance Short-term finance suffers from a few demerits which are listed below: a) Fixed Burden : Like all borrowings interest has to be paid on short-term loans irrespective of profit or loss earned by the organisation. That is why business firms use short-term finance only for temporary purposes. b) Charge on assets : Generally short-term finance is raised on the basis of security of moveable assets. In such a case the borrowing concern cannot raise further loans against the security of these assets nor can these be sold until the loan is cleared (repaid). c) Difficulty of raising finance : When business firms suffer intermittent losses of huge amount or market demand is declining or industry is in recession, it loses its creditworthiness. In such circumstances they find it difficult to borrow from banks or other sources of short-term finance. d) Uncertainty : In cases of crisis business firms always face the uncertainty of securing funds from sources of short-term finance. If the amount of finance required is large, it is also more uncertain to get the finance. e) Legal formalities : Sometimes certain legal formalities are to be complied with for raising finance from short-term sources. If shares are to be deposited as security, then transfer deed must be prepared. Medium term finance Bank term loan This is possibly the simplest form of loans available to businesses. The average bank manager dealing with a medium sized firm and responsible to head office for the performance of the branch uses a set of well-defined criteria when making a loan. A bank loan is for a fixed amount at a fixed rate of interest. There is likely to be a demand for regular payments. The advantages of a bank term loan is that financial planning is made easier as repayments are made in regular instalments and the interest rate are often fixed, but the disadvantages are the smaller the business the higher rates paid due to presenting a higher risk of things going wrong. Long term Finance Sale of Shares This is the issuing of shares of the business to other investors who want to buy into the company. The main advantage of issuing shares is that the shareholders have limited liability if the business fails. Personal possessions are not at risk and their liability is limited to the actual capital invested. Also the capital is raised by issuing shares (which are a proportion of what the company is worth) to investors, who are encouraged to buy by the promise of receiving dividends or profits on their shares. Also shares can be sold as preference shares which offer a fixed return as profits change from year to year, according to how well the company has done. The disadvantages of selling shares are the administrative costs of issuing shares are high. Also it is difficult to estimate the market price of shares, though this problem can be avoided if tender issues them, where investors state how much they are willing to pay for them. Also the price of the shares can go up or down and shareholders may have to sell at a lower price than they bought it. Also the shares of an Ltd will have to be sold privately, which costs money and investors would might not want to invest due to the lack of hassle from buying into a Plc. Reinvested Profits This is the money that the business makes being re-invested into the business to aid its plans. The advantage of this is capital can be raised by the company reinvesting or ploughing back the profits made at the end of the year, after expenses and dividends to shareholders have been paid. The disadvantage of this is profits may be scare or non-existent, especially in times of recession. Mortgage Loans This is a loan where the lender insists on some asset of the business being tied to the repayment of the loan. In the event of bankruptcy or liquidation that lender will then have priority on the money from the sale of that asset for the repayment of the loan. The asset is always land or property. The advantage of this is capital is often supplied by pension or insurance funds for a loan over 25 30 years for buildings or land, with the asset as security. The disadvantage of this the loans are usually only given when large sums are required. Venture Capital Loans Venture capital is risk capital, usually in the forms of loan and shares as a package, to provide a significant investment in a medium or large business. The advantages of this are capital is supplied by venture capital firms who accept a certain degree of risk being inevitable. Also most venture capitalists also provide help in the form of back up management and financial expertise. Also the governments Enterprise Investment Scheme offers incentives to private investors willing to invest in unquoted companies. The disadvantages are that most venture capitalists are only interested in loans for more than  £50000 and some only consider ventures where more than  £250000 is involved, as the administration costs are not worthwhile on smaller projects. Also they charge a negotiation fee for arranging the finance and they generally expect a non controlling equity stake of 20 40% in the firms capital, as a return of their investment. Debenture Loans A debenture is a long-term loan, which does not have to be repaid until an agreed date. Debenture holders are entitled to a fixed rate of the return year and have priority over all the shareholders. The advantage of this is that individuals can supply capital to a company in the form of a long-term loan called debentures, which have to be repaid on an agreed date. These payments take priority over payments to all other shareholders. The disadvantage is that the company has to offer some security for the loan, which can be sold if the company cannot meet the payments. In the case of a fixed debenture this is a specific asset such as a building or land. (Source Advantages/Disadvantages Understanding Industry by Ian Marcousà © pg 85-86, Definitions Business Studies Pg 297 301 Susan Hammond A-Z Business Studies pg 148, 167 David Lines, Ian Marcousà © Barry Martin)

Essay --

Jack Zalewski Period: 2 1/1/14 John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt, names that speak volumes, and during the end of the 19th century they were the quote on quote â€Å"kings of the United States.† With the Civil War over and the United States in a rebuilding process, corporations for steel, oil, and railroads grew rapidly in this time. Big businesses had economic and political effects on the United States, which caused responses by the Americans. The businesses were thriving and driving the economy forward, into a state of balance. These companies also controlled a big portion of the election outcomes and political ideas. The United States citizens did not always want these companies but the United States needed them to keep the economy. The economy slowly but surely began to return to a state of balance. The prices of food, lighting, fuel, and housing were lowing as a result of big business. Thomas Edison's creation of the light bulb made lighting homes easier and safer. Farmers were smarter with crop production, and grew what they needed to the grow so they would drop to a lower price but not low enough that it would cause an overproduction.(Doc. A) The North began to increase their use of industry by creating huge factories and increasing the use of railroads. The South had to find a new way to live without the use of slavery. Many southern planters turned to sharecropping as their agricultural base. Sharecroppers were tenant farmers especially in the United States. The would be provided with credit for things such as seed, tools, living quarters, and food. There was a â€Å"second† Industrial Revolution with the increase of factories in the North and even some in the south, and there was a sh... ...successful railroad riots. During the speech a bomb it throw into the crowd killing a policeman, police then raid labor and radical offices. Unions like the American Federation of Labor rose up as a powerful union against the big businesses. The Civil War is in the past and the United States needed to rebuild. The names of great businessmen like John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt. Big businesses had economic and political effects on the United States, which caused responses by the Americans. The United States citizens did not always want these companies but the United States needed them to keep the economy. Businesses were thriving and helping the economy improve, into a state of balance. Big business dominated the United States, but Americans were not having it, like LeBron James blocking Tiago Splitter in the NBA Finals.

Personal Goal Essay

My purpose for seeking a Doctorate Degree in Educational Leadership is to expand my knowledge of theory and research methods as it pertains to education Being a seasoned professional in the field of education as a Master Teacher for fifteen years, and having been exposed to different challenges in teaching the learners and leading the school, I had this profound realization on the critical tasks of education in this age of globalization. The way schools are led and managed is changing. The types of school leaders and governing bodies that exist today are far more diverse than they once were; and they will continue to develop given the fast-paced movement of modern technology which affects how people and society evolve nowadays. Hence, this complexity calls for leaders with exemplary leadership style that are worth emulating for others so as to make a real distinction in the lives of many people, not only in a community, but for the country, as a whole. Educational leadership and management as a field of inquiry play a significant role in the improvement of schools; leveraging learning outcomes; and enhancing instructional competence of students. In schools, high performance rating and high literacy rates among their clienteles connotes success in one’s governance in education, thus, in making relevance to the system, educational leaders need to exercise certain leadership models that are truly manifesting merit in order to achieve its goals. And I think I already have what it takes to become a leader who can have the knowledge and skills to make these goals a reality.

Nomination Essay

â€Å"Educators exist to perpetuate cultures and the human species; to teach young people the qualities they need to perpetuate culture and the human species. To do that, you have to fight apathy, greed and irresponsibility.† This is what Virginia L. Nikolich firmly believes, and as a teacher, she sees to it that this belief is handed down to her students. Teacher Ginny, as what most of her students call her, is not just an average teacher. She is a devoted instructor that deals with special education, teaching not only the normal K-12 students but also children who have a variety of disabilities. This means that as a Special Education teacher, she must be able to oversee these students’ behavioral, social, and academic development. Being a special education teacher may be considered as a hard and challenging task for most of the people, but that is not all for Teacher Ginny. She does not only teach special children, but she also teaches normal boys and girls. But again, for teacher Ginny, it’s still not all. She teaches both special and special children at the same time, same place, and with the same lessons. As a devoted agent of knowledge, she did not back away from teaching these children at the same time. She is co-teaching with another instructor on the subject of Biology. As Special educators, they are expected to design and teach the appropriate curricula for their students. They have to tailor all the works and activities in response for their needs and disabilities, like state and federal standards, grading and paperwork standards, as well as the monitoring of the student’s performance. It is her task to create Individualized Education plan for the special students which serves as her teaching guide. But what makes Virginia L. Nikolich from other teachers in her field of specialty? According to teacher Ginny her personality and professional life are the products of her education. She considers teaching as another learning process, which is why she chose to be in that profession for most of her life. She learned to blend in the day-to-day lessons which she gets from teaching. She continued to grow, not only as a teacher but also as a learner. She learned to blend the subject matter which Biology, to special education, and even computer degrees education. As she continues to teach, the more she learns about the things around her. She wishes to share everything she learned with everyone she teaches. As a small influence, she dreams of having big effects to different people in the feature. One of the aspects in her life, teacher Ginny values the support that her family has never failed to support her in everything she does. The value of the family is a good aspect to start with, and that it is probably the most influential for teacher Ginny. With her family background and experience, she became diligent, persistent, and conscientious flexible, compassionate and kind: the traits which her students greatly valued and appreciated. As a professional educator, Virginia L. Nikolich followed all the rules and has improvised in some, depending on the needs of the student. Teacher Ginny, as most know her, is definitely one of the best teachers in her field.